Safety
Glossary
D -
F
D
DC: Direct
current.
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY: Drawn up
by responsible person that declares product complies with
relevant 'essential requirements' (standards…) or underwent
type-examination. Entitles responsible person to affix CE
Marking.
DEDICATED MANUFACTURING SYSTEM/CELL: A system that
can produce a well-defined family of parts with a predetermined
sequence of operations and has limited capability to be
reprogrammed for new parts or routes. (B-11 Definitions
Manual)
DEFAULT COORDINATE SYSTEM: A coordinate system
defined by the robot manufacturer which defines the origin and
orientation of the robot. (R15.07)
DEGENERACY: A pose of the tool coordinate system
which may be reached by a theoretically infinite set of
manipulator configurations. (R15.07)
DEGREE OF FREEDOM (DOF): One of the variables (maximum
number of six) required to define the motion of a body in
space. (ISO 8373)
DEGREES OF FREEDOM: The number of independent
joints of the robot. (R15.07)
DEPENDENT JOINT: A joint whose displacement value
is dependent on one or more independent joints.
(R15.07)
DESIGN: To develop and plan the (machine) to meet
the intended purpose and function. (B-11 Definitions
Manual)
DEVICE: Any piece of control hardware, such as an
emergency-stop button, a selector switch, a control pendant, a
relay, a solenoid valve, or a sensor. (R15.06)
DEVICE: A press control or attachment that:
Restrains the operator from inadvertently reaching into the
point of operation, or
Prevents normal press operation if the operator's hands are
inadvertently within the point of operation, or
Automatically withdraws the operator's hands are inadvertently
within the point or operation as the dies close, or
Presents the initiation of a stroke, or stops of stroke in
progress, when there is an intrusion through the sensing field
b any part of the operator's body or by any other object.
DIE: The tooling used in a press for cutting or
forming material. An upper and a lower die make a
complete set.
DIE BLOCK: With a cold header, a bored block placed in
the cavity of the header bed for the purpose of holding the
individual dies. (B-11 Definitions Manual) See also
Safety Block.
DIE BUILDER: Any person who builds dies for power
presses.
DIE CUSHION: A press accessory that provides the
counterforce required in some operations to aid in the forming
or release of the workpiece. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
DIE HOLDER: With a press brake, he plate or rail
to which the lower portion of the die member is attached. (B-11
Definitions Manual)
DIE ENCLOSURE GUARD: An enclosure attached to the die
shoe or stripper, or both, in a fixed position.
DIE SET: A tool holder held in alignment by guide
posts and bushings and consisting of a lower shoe, an upper
shoe or punch holder, and guide posts and bushings.
DIE SETTER: An individual who places or removes
dies in or from mechanical power presses, and who as a part of
his duties, makes the necessary adjustments to cause the
tooling to function properly and safety.
DIE SETTING: The process of placing or removing
dies in or from a mechanical power press, and the process of
adjusting the dies, other tooling and safeguarding means to
cause them to function properly and safely.
DIE SHOE: A plate or block upon which a die holder
is mounted. A die shoe functions primarily as a base for
the complete die assembly, and, when used, is bolted or clamped
to the bolster plate or the face of slide.
DIE SPACE: (1) On a press, the volume encompassed
by the slide area projected to the bed or bolster, wherein the
dies are mounted. (2) On a press brake, the area encompassed by
the slide length projected to the bed. (B-11 Definitions
Manual)
DIE STEM ASSEMBLY: With a horizontal hydraulic
extrusion press, the complement of components through which the
extruded shapes pass in the indirect-extrusion process.
The assembly includes the extrusion die backup tooling and the
hollow stem. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
DIE TRYOUT: The process of functionally testing
and performing modifications to the die assembly. (B-11
Definitions Manual)
DIRECT DRIVE: The type of driving arrangement
wherein no clutch is used; coupling and decoupling of the
driving torque is accomplished by energization and
deenergization of a motor. Even though not employing a clutch,
direct drives match the operational characteristics of "part
revolution clutches" because the driving power may be
disengaged during the stroke of the press.
DIRECT EXTRUSION PROCESS: With a horizontal
hydraulic extrusion press, the method of producing extruded
shapes in which the pressurized billet is pushed through the
contained by the extrusion stem, forcing the metal through the
stationary extrusion die. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
DIS: Draft International Standard.
DISCRETE PARTS OR ASSEMBLIES: Separate or distinct
units or elements that are considered as the output or work in
process of an industrial machine or manufacturing system/cell.
(B-11 Definitions Manual)
DISTANCE ACCURACY: Difference between a command
distance and the mean of the attained distances. (ISO 8373)
DISTANCE REPEATABILITY: Closeness of agreement
among the attained distances for the same command distance
repeated in the same direction. (ISO 8373)
DISTRIBUTED JOINT: An assembly between two links
which enables one to translate and/or rotate relative to the
other about an axis linked to the translation. (ISO 8373)
DRAW BENDING: With a bending machine, the
operation in which the material is clamped or restrained
against a bending form that rotates, drawing the material
through a pressure die, and if needed, over a mandrel. (B-11
Definitions Manual)
DRESSING: The process by which the shape or
surface condition of the abrasive wheel are altered by a
dressing tool. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
DRIFT OF (UNIDIRECTIONAL) POSE ACCURACY: Variation
of (unidirectional) pose accuracy over a specified time.
(ISO 8373)
DRIVE: The source of mechanical force and energy
to impart (machine) motion. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
DRIVE PIN: A dowel, secured to the fixed or inner
flange, of sufficient length to extend through a corresponding
clearance hole in the circular saw blade and into the outer
flange. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
DRIVE POWER: The energy source or sources for the
robot actuators. (R15.06)
DRIVE STARTING CONTROL: The control mechanism that, when
actuated by the operator, places the (machine) in motion in a
mode pre-selected by the operator. (B-11 Definitions
Manual)
DUMMY BLOCK (fixed or loose): In a horizontal
hydraulic extrusion press, a device to seal the billet in the
contained during extrusion. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
DUTY CYCLE: A percentage of time a robot can
continuously operate with the rated payload at rated conditions
(for example speed, acceleration and temperature) without
overheating or degradation of the robot. This is a manufacturer
recommendation. (R15.05-2)
DYNAMIC: A state in which an entity changes with
time. (R15.05-1, R15.06-2, R15.07)
E
EC: European Community.
ECCENTRIC: The offset position of the main shaft r
main gear that imparts reciprocating slide motion.
EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY: EC Certificate of
Conformity (by Notified Body).
EEA: European Economic Area.
EEC: European Economic Community.
EFTA: European Free Trade Association.
EJECTOR: A mechanism for removing work or material
from between the dies.
ELECTROMECHANICAL RELAY: Conventional switching
relays consisting of "hard" contacts (metal-to-metal), switches
to open or closed position by applying voltage to an
electromagnetic coil.
EMC: Electromagnetic Compatibility.
EMERGENCY STOP: Robots and associated machinery
must be equipped with an emergency stop circuit that uses
hardware based components. The emergency stop circuit,
when activated, shall override all other controls and cause all
motion to stop. A sufficient number of emergency stop devices
must be provided both inside and outside the safeguarded space.
The number and location is determined by the size and
configuration of the robot cell or machine, however the
objective is to insure that an unobstructed readily accessible
emergency stop is available at all times for all personnel.
EMERGENCY STOP: The operation of a circuit using
hardware-based components that overrides all other robot
controls, removes drive power from the robot actuators, and
causes all moving parts to stop. (R15.06)
EMERGENCY STOP CONTROL: An operator control,
usually a push-button with a large, red, protruding mushroom
head, that when actuated, initiates an emergency stop. (B-11
Definitions Manual)
EMI: Electromagnetic Interference: Electrical noise
which may interfere with proper operation of sensors,
programmable logic controllers, counters, data recorders, and
other sensitive electronic equipment. Common sources of
EMI include lighting fixtures and controls, motors, generators,
etc.
EN: European Norm.
ENABLING DEVICE: A manually operated device which
when continuously activated, permits motion. Releasing the
device shall stop robot motion and motion of associated
equipment that may present a hazard. (R15.06)
END EFFECTOR COUPLING DEVICE: A flange at the end
of the articulated structure and locking devices or additional
parts securing the end effector to the end of the articulated
structure. (ISO 8373)
END-EFFECTOR: An accessory device or tool
specifically designed for attachment to the robot wrist or tool
mounting plate to enable the robot to perform its intended
task. (Examples may include gripper, spot weld gun, spray
point gun, or any other application tools.) (R15.06)
END OF TRANSITION PERIOD: At the end of the
transition period the member states are obligated to terminate
national regulations and apply the directives to all
products. Products manufactured in line with the national
regulations may no longer be placed on the market. Only
products rightfully bearing the CE Marking can be placed on the
market or put into service.
ENERGY SOURCE: Any electrical, mechanical,
hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, thermal, potential, kinetic or
other source. (R15.06)
ENSURE: To establish, maintain and monitor an
effective program, procedure or system to implement the
requirements of this standard. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
ENVELOPE (SPACE), MAXIMUM: The volume of space
encompassing the maximum designed movements of all robot parts
including the end-effector, workpiece and attachments.
(R15.06)
EVALUATION OF CONFORMITY: A systematic exam of the
extent to which a product/service fulfills specified
requirements. Mandatory evaluation of conformity of
requirements which must be undertaken before a product process
or services is placed on the market.
ENVELOPE (SPACE), RESTICTED: That portion of the
maximum envelope to which a robot is restricted by limiting
devices. The maximum distance that the robot can travel
after the limiting device is actuated defines the boundaries of
the restricted envelope (space) of the robot. (R15.06)
ENVELOPE (SPACE), OPERATING: That portion of the
restricted envelope (space) that is actually used by the robot
while performing it programmed motions. (R15.06)
EOTC: European Organization for Testing &
Certification.
ERGONOMICS: The evaluation, design or redesign of
facilities, environments, jobs, job tasks, training methods and
equipment to match the capabilaities of people. (B-11
Definitions Manual)
E-STOP: Emergency Stop Button.
EU: European Union (replaces EC).
EXTERNAL CONTROL: With a manufacturing
system/cell, a control mode where the manufacturing system/cell
or its machines and related equipment are operated from a
location usually external from the system and usually
automatically and unattended. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
EXTRUDING: The process of producing a desired
cross section by forcing metal or other material through a
shaped opening. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
EXTRUSION DIE: With a horizontal hydraulic
extrusion press, a tool having in it a configured opening(s)
through which the billet is forced to create an extruded shape.
(B-11 Definitions Manual)
EXTRUSION STEM: With a horizontal hydraulic
extrusion press, the complement of components, including die
backup tooling and the hollow stem, through which the extruded
shapes pass in the indirect-extrusion process. (B-11
Definitions Manual)
EYELET MACHINE: An automatic multiple station
transfer feed machine for making drawn stampings by use of
cam-driven adjustable plungers, acting from above and below the
workpiece, and to which individual tool elements are attached.
(B-11 Definitions Manual)
F
FACE OF SLIDE: The
bottom surface of the slide to which the punch or upper die is
generally attached.
FAIL-SAFE DESIGN: A design in which a failure will
not adversely affect the safe operation of the system.
(R15.02)
FEEDING: The process of placing or removing
material within or from the point of operation.
FEED ROD: With a lathe, a shaft or rod used to
transmit power from the source to the tooling-carrying slide(s)
during the cutting operation. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
FEED SHOE: On a P/M press, the container or
components for transferring the powder from the supply hopper
to the die cavity, or for removing the part from the point of
operation. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
FEEDING: The process of placing the material or
workpieces(s) into the [machine], or removing the material or
workpieces(s) from the [machine]. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
FIGURE OF MERIT (FOM): Values, determined through
testing, which quantify a particular performance parameter. For
example, the maximum and the average are two figures of merit
which quantify the relative path accuracy. (R15.05-1,
R15.05-2)
FILLER PLATE: On a vertical contour sawing
machine, a part recessed in the work support surface. (B-11
Definitions Manual)
FIXED BARRIER GUARD: A guard affixed to the frame,
bolster or other surface in such a manner as to enclose all or
part of the point of operation or other hazard area. (B-11
Definitions Manual)
FIXED SEQUENCE MANIPULATOR: A manipulator
which performs each step of a given operation according to a
predetermined motion pattern which cannot be changed without
physical alteration. (ISO 8373)
FIXTURE: A means used
to locate or support the material, workpieces(s) or tool(s)
during operation. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
FLANGES: Collars, discs or plates between which
wheels or circular saw blades are mounted. (B-11 Definitions
Manual)
FLAT SHEARING STATION: On an ironworker, the work
station at which workpieces of rectangular cross section are
sheared.
FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM/CELL: A system that
can be programmed to produce a variety of parts in random
order, and can be reprogrammed to handle new parts and new
sequences. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
FLY-BY POINT: Command pose (taught or
programmed) that the axes of the robot will attain with some
deviation, the amount of which depends on the joining profile
of the axes velocity to this pose and a specified criterion of
passage (velocity, deviation in position). (ISO 8373)
FOOT CONTROL: The foot operated control mechanism
designed to be used with a clutch or clutch/brake control
system.
FOOT PEDAL: The foot operated level designed to
operate the mechanical linkage that trips a full revolution
press.
FULL REVOLUTION CLUTCH: A type of clutch that,
when engaged, cannot be disengaged until the [machine] has
completed a cycle. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
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