Safety
Glossary
G -
I
G
GATE OR MOVABLE BARRIER DEVICE
: A movable barrier arranged to enclose the point of
operation before the press stroke can be started.
GENERAL PURPOSE DIES: Press brake dies used to
perform bending and forming operations on a variety of
workpieces. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
GIBS: The press components that guide the
reciprocating motion of the slide to ensure required squareness
and parallelism. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
GOAL DIRECTED PROGRAMMING: Programming method in
which the task to be carried out is defined but the path
of the end effector is not prescribed. (ISO
8373)
GREEN PART: With a P/M press, a compacted parts
that retains its shape by mechanical bond of the individual
particles instead of by a the metallurgy of cast, wrought or
sintered material. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
GRIND CYCLE: The period of time, either continuous
or intermittent, during which the grinding tool is removing
material from the workpiece. (B-11 Definitions
Manual)
GRIPPER
: An end effector designed for seizing and
holding. (ISO 8373)
GROUND: (a) The Earth of some other large
conducting but isolating body, e.g. the frame of an
aircraft in flight. (b) The conducting system connecting
an individual part to Earth.
GROUNDING: Article 250-75 of the 1990 National
Electric Code requires bonding of metallic parts metal
raceways, cable trays, cable armor, cable sheath, enclosures,
frames, fittings, and other metal non-current-carrying parts
that serve as a grounding conductor even if a separate
grounding conductor is used. The methods and equipment used
must be able to maintain high integrity low impedance ground
when used with a circuit using shunt Zener diode barriers as
interface between the hazardous and non-hazardous area.
GROUND POTENTIAL: The potential of the
Earth. A circuit, terminal, or chassis is said to be at
ground potential when it is used as a reference point for other
potentials in the system.
GUARD: A barrier that prevents entry into the
point of operation or other hazard area. (B-11 Definitions
Manual)
GUIDE POST: The pin attached to the upper or lower
die shoe operating within the bushing on the opposing die shoe,
to maintain the alignment of the upper and lower
dies.
H
HAND CONTROL
: A hand operated mechanism used as an actuating
control.
HAND FEEDING TOOL: Any hand held tool designed for
placing or removing material or parts to be processed within or
from the point of operation.
HANDLING SLOT: With a shear, the recess below the
table surface that aids in the handling or positioning of the
material or workpieces(s). (B-11 Definitions Manual)
HAZARD: A situation that is likely to cause
personal physical harm. (R15.06)
HAZARD: A hazard is the potential for an activity,
condition, circumstance or changing conditions to produce
injury or illness.
HAZARDOUS AREA: An area that poses an immediate or
impending physical hazard. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
HAZARDOUS MOTION: Any motion that is likely to
cause personal physical harm. (R15.06)
HAZARD POINT: The closest point as measured from any
location to the hazardous area.
HD: Harmonization Document (similar to a European
Standard).
HEADING: An upsetting operation for enlarging the
cross sectional area of the end of the stock. (B-11 Definitions
Manual)
HEADSTOCK: The horizontal lathe component that
houses one or more spindles on which a chuck, table, or other
work-holding device is mounted. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
HELPER: An individual who assists another in the
operation, maintenance or repair of the [machine]. (B-11
Definitions Manual)
HIGH ENERGY RATE PRESS: A forging machine that
imparts impact to the workpiece, by means of high slide
velocities resulting from the sudden release of a compressed
gas against a free piston. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
HOLD DOWN: A mechanism that restrains movement of the
workpiece during the shearing action. (B-11 Definitions
Manual)
HOLD DOWN GUARD: On a shear, a guard that prevents
access to the pinch point hazard imposed by the hold-down(s) of
the [machine]. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
HOLDING DISTANCE: With a shear, the amount of travel of
the slide during which the operator(s) is compelled to hold the
actuating control operated. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
HOLDING TIME: The elapsed time during which the
operator(s) is compelled to hold the actuating control operated
to continued uninterrupted [machine] motion. (B-11 Definitions
Manual)
HOLDOUT OR RESTRAINT DEVICE: A mechanism, including
attachments for operator's hands, that when anchored and
adjusted prevent the operator's hands from entering the point
of operation.
HOME POSITION: A unique reference configuration.
(R15.07)
HOSTAGE CONTROL DEVICE: Term used in ANSI
Standards to describe any actuating control device or mechanism
that prevents the operator from reaching the hazard point
during normal cycling of the machine. A two-hand control
device is an example of a hostage control device.
HUMAN ENGINEERING: The application of available
knowledge that defines the nature and limits of human
capabilities as they relate to checkout, operation,
maintenance, or control of systems or equipment in engineering
design. (R15.02)
HUMAN FACTORS: One of several terms used to
describe ergonomics. (B-11 Definitions
Manual)
I
IEC
: International Electrotechnical Commission,
headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. This organization writes
and distributes recommended safety and performance standards
for electrical products and components.
IEEE: Abbreviation for Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers.
IMPEDANCE: The opposition in an electric circuit to
the flow of alternating current (AC) at a given
frequency. Impedance consists of resistance, inductive
reactance, and capacitive reactance. It is measured in
ohms.
IMPORTER: Person who places on the Community market a
product from a third country, which is covered by directives.
The importer may be responsible under the terms of the
directive if neither the manufacturer or his authorized
representative is based in the community.
INCH: An intermittent motion imparted to the slide (on
machines using part revolution clutches) by momentary operation
of the "Inch" operating means. Operation of the "Inch"
operating means engages the driving clutch so that a small
portion of one stroke or indefinite stroking can occur,
depending upon the length of time the "Inch" operating means is
held operated. "Inch" is a function used by the die setter for
setup of dies and tooling, but is not intended for use during
production operations by the operator.
INCH MODE: An operating mode wherein incremental
[machine] motion is imparted by manual means, by a single
individual. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
INDEPENDENT JOINT: A joint whose displacement
value is determined by the displacement of one or more
actuators. (R15.07)
INDEX: To move the tooling, material or workpiece
to a predetermined position. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
INDIRECT-EXTRUSION PROCESS: With a horizontal hydraulic
extrusion press, the method of producing extruded shapes in
which the pressurized billet remains fixed within the contained
and the metal is forced through the extrusion die and die stem
assembly. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
INDIVIDUAL: A particular human being. (B-11
Definitions Manual)
INDIVIDUAL JOINT (AXIS) ACCELERATION:
Acceleration of specified point resulting from the
movement of one individual joint (axis). (ISO
8373)
INDIVIDUAL JOINT (AXIS) VELOCITY: Velocity of
specified point resulting from the movement of one individual
joint (axis). (ISO 8373)
INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT: Physical apparatus used to
perform industrial tasks, such as welders, conveyors, machine
tools, fork trucks, turn tables, positioning tables, or
robots. (R15.06)
INDUSTRIAL MACHINE: A power driven machine, not
portable by hand working, used to shape, form, assemble,
disassemble material by cutting, impact,, pressure, electrical,
thermal or optical techniques, lamination or a combination of
these processes; or associated machines or equipment used in
conjunction with these industrial machines to transfer raw
material, work in process or tolling (including fixtures),
spray or coat, inspect or test or package. (B-11 Definitions
Manual)
INDUSTRIAL ROBOT SYSTEM: A system that includes
industrial robots, the end-effectors, industrial equipment and
the devices and sensors required for the robots to be taught or
programmed, or for the robots to perform the intended automatic
operations, as well as the communication interfaces required
for interlocking, sequencing, or monitoring the robots.
(R15.06)
INDUSTRIAL ROBOT: A reprogrammable multifunctional
manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or
specialized devices, through variable programmed motions for
the performance of a variety of tasks. (R15.06)
INFANT MORTALITY: The initial operating period
during which a robot or a robot population exhibits a high
failure rate which decreases rapidly until it stabilizes at
time t1 as failed components are replaced. (R15.05-3)
INORGANIC BONDED WHEEL: An abrasive wheel that is
bonded by means of inorganic material such as clay, glass,
sodium silicate, magnesium oxychloride or metal. (B-11
Definitions Manual)
INPUT: A signal (or power) which is applied to a
piece of electrical apparatus or the terminals on the apparatus
to which a signal or power is applied.
INPUT DEVICES: Devices such as limit switches,
pressure switches, push buttons, etc., that supply commands or
data to a robot controller. (R15.02)
INPUT VOLTAGE: The power source required by an
electric or electronic device (e.g. a self-contained sensor) in
order for the device to operate properly.
INRUNNING NIP POINT: Any location where a part of the
body could be drawn in and injured between a rotating machine
member and another rotating or fixed member, or the material.
(B-11 Definitions Manual)
INSPECTION AND COMPETENT BODIES: Carry out
inspection of product and issue reports and certificates to
support product's compliance. Also, assess plants and
equipment; some bodies assess manufacturer's quality
systems. Competent bodies are referred to in the EMC
directive.
INSTALLATION: The operation consisting of
installing the robot on its site, connecting it to its
supply and drive powers. (ISO 8373)
INSTALLER: An individual, partnership or
corporation responsible for placement and preparation for use
of a [machine]. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
INSTRUCTED PERSONNEL: Personnel who are instructed in
the performance of a specific task(s). (B-11 Definitions
Manual)
INTEGRATOR: Any supplier that designs, provides,
manufactures or assembles a [machine], its associated machines
or equipment, the safeguarding, control interfaces,
interconnections or the control system into a [machine]
production system. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
INTERLEAVING: The condition wherein the spacing
between the wire coils of a spring is greater than the diameter
of the coil wire, so that one coil spring, or a portion
thereof, cannot be threaded into another coil spring, or
portion thereof. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
INTERLOCK: An arrangement whereby the operation of
one control or mechanism allows, or prevents the operation of
another. (R15.06)
INTERLOCKED BARRIER GUARD: A barrier, or section of a
barrier, interlocked with the [machine] control system to
prevent inadvertent access to the point of operation during
normal [machine] operation. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
INTERLOCKED PRESS BARRIER GUARD: A barrier
attached to the press frame and interlocked so that the press
stroke cannot be started normally unless the guard itself or
its hinged or moveable sections, enclose the point of
operation.
INTRINSICALLY SAFE CIRCUIT: A circuit in which any
spark or thermal effect is incapable of causing ignition of a
mixture of flammable or combustible material in air under
prescribed test conditions.
INTRINSICALLY SAFE SYSTEM: An assembly of
interconnected intrinsically safe apparatus, and
interconnecting cables in which those parts of the system which
may be used in hazardous (classified) locations are
intrinsically safe circuits.
INTRINSIC SAFETY BARRIER: A protective component
designed to limit the voltage and current in a hazardous
area. The barrier functions outside of the hazardous
location to divert abnormal energy to ground.
IP RATING: A rating system established by IEC
Publication 133 and 529 which defines the suitability of sensor
and sensor system enclosures for various environments. Similar
to NEMA ratings for enclosures.
ISO: International Organization for
Standardization.
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