Safety
Glossary
M-O
M
MACHINE OPERATOR: An individual who performs
production work and who controls operation of the machine.
MAINTAINABILITY, DESIGN
FOR
: Design considerations directed
toward achieving those combined characteristics of equipment
and facilities that will enable the accomplishment of necessary
maintenance quickly, safely, accurately, and effectively, with
minimized requirements for personnel, skills, special tools,
and cost. (R15.02)
MAINTENANCE: The act of keeping the robots and
robot systems in their proper operating condition.
(R15.06)
MAKING AVAILABLE The transfer of ownership of the
physical delivery of the product by the manufacturer or
authorized representative in the community or the importer to
the person responsible for distributing the product to the
final consumer or user, for payment or free of charge.
MANDATORY CERTIFICATION: Type-examination, which
as a requirement of a regulation or directive has to be applied
before a product, process or service can be placed on the
market. A Notified Body must perform function specified
in the directive before CE Marking is applied.
MANDREL: Tooling or a machine component used to provide
internal support. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
MANIPULATION: Intentional defeating or overriding
of safety devices. If accidents result, legal proceedings
usually follow.
MANIPULATOR: A machine, the mechanism of which
usually consists of a series of segments jointed or sliding
relative to one another, for the purpose of grasping and/or
moving objects (pieces or tools) usually in several degrees
of freedom. It may be controlled by an
operator, a programmable electronic controller, or any
logic system (for example cam device, wired, etc.) (ISO
8373)
MANUAL DATA INPUT PROGRAMMING: Program generation
and entry directly into the robot control system by means of
switches or plug-boards or keyboards. (ISO 8373)
MANUAL DRIVE: Human effort used as the source of
mechanical force and energy that imparts [machine] motion.
(B-11 Definitions Manual)
MANUAL FEEDING: Feeding wherein the material or
part being processed is handled by the operator on each stroke
of the press.
MANUAL MODE: The operating mode in which
the robot can be operated by, for example, push button or
joystick and that excludes automatic operation. (ISO 8373)
MANUFACTURER: Person responsible for designing and
manufacturing a product covered by the directive(s), with a
view to placing it on the community market. The
manufacturer is responsible for designing and manufacturing
products in accordance with the directives and following the
certification procedures (declaration, type-exam, CE Marking
and preparation of files).
MASTER OPERATOR STATION: The control station that
includes the full complement of controls required for the setup
and operation of the [machine]. (B-11 Definitions
Manual)
MATERIAL POSITION GAGE
: A stop against which the material or
workpieces(s) is placed to locate it within the point of
operation. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
MAY: Denotes a permissible course of actions within the
limits of the standard. (B-11 Definitions
Manual)
MAXIMUM MOMENT
(TORQUE): The moment (torque)
that can be continuously applied to the mechanical
interface excluding any inertial effects assuring no
permanent damage to the robot mechanism. (ISO
8373)
MAXIMUM THRUST: The thrust that can be
continuously applied to the mechanical interface
(excluding any inertial effect), assuring no permanent damage
to the robot mechanism. (ISO 8373)
MEASUREMENT DWELL: A delay at the measurement
point prior to recording data. (R15.05-1)
MECHANICAL INTERFACE: The mounting surface at the
end of the articulated structure to which the end
effector is attached. (ISO 8373)
MECHANICAL INTERFACE: The mechanical structure of
the junction between the end of the articulated structure and
the end effector. (ISO 8373)
MECHANICAL INTERFACE COORDINATE SYSTEM: A
coordinate system attached to the mechanical interface of the
robot, whose origin is located on the surface of the
mechanical interface and whose orientation is determined
by the manufacturer. (R15.07)
MECHANISM: An arrangement of components to accomplish a
given function. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
MINIMUM POSITIONING TIME: The time elapsed between
departure from and arrival at the mechanical interface
stationary state when traversing a predetermined distance
(including stabilization time). (ISO 8373)
MOBILE ROBOT: A robot which carriers all of
the means needed for its monitoring and movement (power,
control, driving). (ISO 8373)
MODE: The specific manner of operation of a [machine] or
production system as determined by the state or condition of
the control system. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
MODE SELECTOR: A control device used to establish the
[machine] mode. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
MODIFICATION: (1) The making of a change to the
[machine] or production system that alters its original
purpose, function, capacity, operation or safeguarding
requirements.
(2) A change to the [machine] or production system that alters
its original purpose, function, capacity, operation or
safeguarding requirements.
Note: For the purposes of this standard, modification includes
any effects that the change(s) has on other portions of the
[machine] or production system, including safeguarding, not
directly a part of the modification. (B-11 Definitions
Manual)
MODIFIER: Any supplier that changes the original
purpose, function or capacity of the [machine] or production
system by design or construction. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
MOTION PLANNING: The process by which the robot
control program determines how to move the joints of the
mechanical structure between the poses programmed by the user,
according to the type of interpolation chosen. (ISO 8373)
MOTION PROFILES: Time varying value of the
displacement, velocity and/or acceleration of the Tool
Center Point (TCP) or joints. (R15.07)
MOVABLE BARRIER DEVICE: A safeguarding device arranged
to enclose the point of operation before [machine] motion can
be initiated.
Note: There are two types of movable barrier devices:
Type A, which encloses the point of operation during the
complete [machine] cycle.
Type B, which encloses the point of operation during the
hazardous portion of the [machine] cycle. (B-11 Definitions
Manual)
MOVABLE COVER: With an ironworker, an attachment that
shields the opening of the work station on the drop-off side of
an ironworker. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
MULTIPLE BENDING: The forming of two or more bends in a
single workpiece, or in two or more workpieces, with each cycle
of the [machine]. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
MULTI-CONDUCTOR: Two or more conductors, either
cabled or laid in a flat parallel construction, with or without
a common overall covering. (R15.01)
MULTI-DIRECTIONAL POSE ACCURACY VARIATION: The
maximum distance between the mean attained poses
achieved when visiting the same command pose multiple
times from three perpendicular directions. (ISO 8373)
MUTING: The deactivation of a presence-sensing
safeguarding device by design during a portion of the robot
cycle. (R15.06)
MUTUAL RECOGNITION: A concept whereby national
certificates are recognized by other bodies. This concept has
been around for many years, but not made much headway.
Under the new CE Directives, mutual recognition is not needed
for products.
N
NARROW COIL
: A coil whose width is less than 12" and
less than 25% of its diameter. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
NATIONAL AUTHORITY: The various national
authorities in the member states that are responsible for
market control.
NEAR SOLUTION ALGORITHM: The method by which the
robot controller determines which configuration to use when
moving in a kinematic fashion to a command pose. (R15.07)
NEC: National Electric Code. Issues a set of
regulations governing construction and installation of
electrical wiring and apparatus in the United States,
established by the American National Board of Fire
Underwriters.
NEMA: National Electrical Manufacturers
Association. NEMA standards are used to specify
suitability of sensor and sensing system enclosures for various
sensing environments.
'NEW APPROACH' DIRECTIVES: Written in general
terms, these directives set out the essential requirements (for
safety and EMC, for example). Products meeting
requirements shall carry the CE Marking. See 'standards' for
specific requirements.
NFPA: National Fire Protection Associations.
Administrative sponsor of the National Electrical Code.
NOMINAL ROBOT MODEL: The unique, theoretical model
representing a robot built with zero tolerance. (R15.07)
NON-CRITICAL: Any component which is not a part of
the robot safety system or one which is not critical to the
robot's operation. (R15.05-3)
NORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS: The range of
environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity) and
other parameters which may influence robot performance (such as
electrical supply instability, electromagnetic fields, etc.)
within which the performance of the robot specified by
the manufacturer is valid. (ISO 8373)
NORMAL OPERATING STATE (AUTOMATIC OPERATION): The
robot state in which the robot is executing its task
program as intended.
NOTIFIED
BODIES:
Laboratories, certification bodies and inspection bodies
that are independent and notified to the European
Commission for product/system testing, etc. Notified
bodies are expected to conform to the EN 45 000 series
and are authorized to perform the conformity assessment
tasks specified in the directives. A notified body is
responsible for issuing EC type-exam certificates
refereed to in the directives.
O
OFF-LINE PROGRAMMABLE
ROBOT
: A robot that can perform a
task program entered through off-line programming and such that
the knowledge of the kinematics of the robot is enough to carry
out the required performances. (ISO 8373)
OFF-LINE PROGRAMMING: A programming method where
the task program is defined on devices separate from the
robot for later input of programming information to the
robot. (ISO 8373)
OFFSET - AXIAL: The distance from the mechanical
flange along the Zm axis of the mechanical interface coordinate
system to the center of gravity of the test point.
(R15.05-1, R15.05-2)
OFFSET - RADIAL: The perpendicular distance from
the Zm axis of the mechanical interface coordinate system to
the center of gravity of the test point. (R15.05-1,
R15.05-2)
OHM'S LAW: E = 1 x R. Current (1) is directly
proportional to voltage (E) and inversely proportional to total
resistance (R) of a circuit.
OPERATING
MODE: A state of
the robot control system. (ISO 8373)
OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT: All conditions (physical
and operational) in the immediate vicinity of an industrial
robot or robotic system that may positively or negatively
impact the performance, reliability, or safety of its hardware,
software, or personnel. (R15.02)
OPERATOR: The person designated to start, monitor
and stop the intended productive operation of a robot or robot
system. An operator may also interface with a robot for
productive purposes. (R15.06)
OPERATOR CONTROL: Any operator actuated push button,
switch, lever, pedal, hand wheel or other device that
initiates, cycles, controls or stops [machine] motion. (B-11
Definitions Manual)
OPERATOR MAINTAINED CONTINUOUS MODE: Continuous cycling,
initiated by an operator, and maintained by the operator by
means of the actuating control. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
OPERATOR'S STATION: The complete complement of
controls used by or available to an operator on a given
operation for stroking the press.
ORGANIC BONDED WHEEL: An abrasive wheel that is bonded
by means of organic material such as resin, rubber, shellac or
other similar bonding agent. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
ORIENTATION: The angular displacement of a
coordinate system resulting from a sequence of three (3)
rotations (A, B, C) about an identical, fixed reference
frame. The order of rotations: A = Rotate about X axis; B
= Rotate about Y axis; C = Rotate about Z axis (R15.07)
OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Association
is a U. S. Federal Agency, a division of the U. S. Department
of Labor, and is responsible for the regulation of workplace
safety. OSHA regulations constitute Federal Law, and must
be followed.
OVERHAULING LOAD:
A condition in which the forces
being applied to move a load are overtaken by the mass or
inertia of the load.
OVERLAPPING CONTACT
OPERATION: Both contacts
are simultaneously closed for a short duration.
OVERLOAD RELIEF DEVICE: A mechanism designed to
relieve overloads to structural press members, or the tooling,
or both. (B-11 Definitions Manual)
OVERSHOOT: The maximum distance a robot travels
past the attained pose along the direction of motion after a
move command. (R15.05-1)
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